Friday, 15 December 2023

Cholas in Thondaimandalam

 

There is a deep Chola connection to Thondaimandalam that has endured for over 1100 years. It is the Veeranarayanan Lake, popularly known as the Veeranam Eri that also provides drinking water to Chennai today. 

This lake that has supported millions of lives over the centuries with water for agriculture, was created by Rajaditya Chola, son of Parantaka Chola I after whom the lake has been named. Prince Rajaditya and his soldiers, while training to participate in the battle at Thakkolam near Arakkonam, have spared no effort in this mission of creating history through this lake.   

There were many more huge lakes of the Chola Era.

கண்டராதித்த சோழன் created a lake known as செம்பியன் மாதேவி பேரேரி in Ariyalur District.

உத்தம சோழன்  created the மதுராந்தகம் ஏரி, the largest lake of the Chengalpattu district and the second largest in the state.

சுந்தர சோழன் ( Parantaka II ), father of Rajaraja II created a lake on the route from Cuddalore to Chidambaram now known as பெருமாள் ஏரி.

குந்தவை பிராட்டியார் created a lake in  விழுப்புரம் district, near திருவெண்ணைநல்லூர் in the குளத்தூர் village. The lake without much maintenance is now known as பிரட்டேரி!!

Rajendra Chola I to commemorate his victory  created சோழகங்கம் lake now known as  பொன்னேரி at கங்கைகொண்ட சோழபுரம்.

Maintenance of the lakes were given utmost importance. Every resident had to pay a tax called ஏரிவரி\ உள்வரி for the maintenance. In addition to that they had to contribute physical labour too.

Depending on the features of the area, the cleaning and desilting  of the lake was done annually or even every month in some instances.

The Kaveri belt gave them more scope with its beautiful rivers, so they created many canals and irrigation channels from the rivers themselves.  

Parantaka I expanded his territory from the Kaveri region  on defeating the Pandya and Rashtrakuta kings. The fierce battle was fought  at Thakkolam near Arakkonam and his son Rajadityan was killed.

 It was during the reign of Parantaka I  that the famous Inscriptions on internal administration at Utthiramerur were done.  Chola rulers continued the finer traditions of the Pallavas in administration, water management, temple building etc.

Vijayalaya Chola was the progenitor of the mighty the empire of the Imperial Cholas, that was to rule a good part of Bharat and beyond the seas.

 His son Aditya I ( 871-907 CE ) by rendering military assistance to  Aparajita Pallava  in his battle with the Pandyas, received a small territory for his services and became a Chieftain. He later defeated Aparajita Pallava and captured Thondaimandalam and he was called தொண்டைநாடு பாவின சோழன் in the inscriptions at தில்லைதானம்.

 Chola presence was consolidated by Raja Raja Chola I and his son Rajendra Chola I. Both of them before their coronation as kings were in charge of defending the northern territories.

Raja Raja Chola built a temple Arinjaya Choleeswaram at Melpadi in memory of his Grandfather.

Rajendra Chola, the mighty emperor who conquered Orissa, Bengal and countries beyond the sea in the far East built his Capital city Gangai Konda Cholapuram on a grand scale to commemorate his victories. 

He retained his fondness for the Thondaimandalam  and had a special connection to Thiruvotriyur temple.

 An official of his administration has built a temple, Rajendra Choleeswaram at Kaavanthandalam, 20kms from Kanchi and his Guru Isaana Siva Pandithar has built GangaiKonda Choleeswaram at Koozhampandal, 18 kms from Kanchi.

Numerous temples built of bricks were rebuilt with stones in their rule spanning several centuries.

The close association had only increased, and we find many

 Inscriptions of the Chola times from Parantaka I to Rajendra

 III the last Chola King in 1279 CE in many temples around us.

1.     Agaram - Maanaampathy

2.      Kalattur

3.       Karumbur

4.   Karayampedu    

5.    Kaayaaru

6.    Mambakkam

7.    Oragadam

8.    Paalur

9.    Padur 

10.Thirumukkudal

11.  Payyanur

12.Perumaanur

13.Perunthandalam

14.      Sastrambakkam

15.Sirudavur

16.Thirukkachur

17. Thiruvadisoolam

18.Madampakkam

19.Thiruvidanthai

20.     Kilambakkam

21.Singapperumal Kovil

 

 

 

 

 

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