Thursday, 15 February 2024

Acharavakkam, Agaram and Maanampathy - A Big Town of over 3000 people in 1000 CE

 

This cluster with its temples and places has an interesting and fascinating history. Evidences of its ancient Pallava times are few, but all the dynasties who exercised power over this region – the Cholas, Rashtrakutas, Vijayanagar emperors, Nayakas and various feudatories have contributed in various ways as per the inscriptions available.

A Larger town of those times now lies fragmentated. A few temples have survived over the centuries despite attacks from invaders, thanks to the untiring efforts of the devotees who never gave up over the centuries.

Maanampathy is situated about 12 kms from Thirupporur on the Thirupporur - Thirukkazhukunram Road.  

Acharavakkam

Acharavakkam is about ½ half a kilometer from Maanampathy.

Agasteeswarar temple is from the Era of Nrupatunga Pallava - ( 865 – 906 CE) – ARIE No 108 / 1933-34

It records a Registration of Land as Archanabhoga to Agattiarittevar by a certain Sankan after purchase.

This inscription establishes the existence of this temple since the Pallava times.

 Page 135 of ‘The Chingleput , Late Madras District Manual’ compiled by Charles Stewart Crole in 1879 CE refers to Acharavakkam as below:

 “Atcharvakum, 56 miles from Madras, population of 1076, is a well-known halting place for European and Native travellers on the Great Southern Trunk Road. “

Agaram is about 7 kilometers from Maanaampathy.

 – Kailasanathar Temple of Rajendra Chola era, ARIE No 231 / 1932-33

 Agaram - Kailasanathar Temple inscription records the completion of the stone temple of Thirukkayilayar, by Deepatarayan, an officer of Rajendra Chola.

ARIE No 232 / 1932-33 records that Rajendra Chola created the village Vaanmangai with 4000 brahmanas settled here to recite vedas and run schools.  It came to be known as Vaanavanmaadevi  Chaturvedimangalam. Also refers to the God Athirai Vitanka and the quarter known as Aathira Vilaagam

The name shortened to Vaanmathy and then has transformed to Maanaampathy!

Damaged and Fragmentary Inscription No ARIE No 235 / 1932-33

 Also mentions the temple of Kailasanatha at Vanavanmahadevi and Rajendra Chola deva I

Era – Kulothunga Chola I - ARIE No 233 / 1932-33

Begins with Pugazhmaadhu …the meikeerthi of Kulothunga Chola I, it Registers gift of land by purchase from the assembly of Vaanavanmahadevi Chaturvedimangalam in Kumizhi nadu, Aamur Kottam, by a resident of Kalanivaayil in Tiruvalundur Nadu in Rajaraja Valanadu

ARIE No 234 / 1932-33

Fragmentary inscription, seems to register a gift of land for repairs to the temple of Kailasanatha at Kailasamoolai Agaram

 

A slab set up in the village of Agaram - Era Vijayanagar – Ventaka Maharaya  - ARIE No 236 / 1932-33

Seems to record the gift of the village Kailasamoolai alias Agaram in Panaimulai Seermai in Thirukkazhukunra Parru to the temple of Kandaswami at Seyyur.

 

Maanampathy

Thirukkara Iswara Temple – This temple appears to have faced violence at some point and restored later.  

Era of Vikrama Chola ARIE No 213 / 1930 -31

Begins with his Meikeerthi, Poomaalai Midaindhu etc. Seems to register sale of land to the temple at Thirukkarapuram by Thiruchchirrambala Muvendhavelan, stones are lost.

Era of Sambuvarayar - ARIE No 214 / 1930 -31

Fragment that seems to record an order of Sambuvaraya.

ARIE No 215 / 1930 -31

Registers a gift of a lamp by Gunamenmai Sambandan, the headman of Tattamadai

ARIE No 216 / 1930 -31

Registers a gift of tax-free land in the village of Vaanavanmaadevi, a quarter of Thirukkalukunram to the temple of Thirukkarapuramudaiya Naayanar for offerings, repairs etc.

Other Chola Era inscriptions

ARIE No 219 / 1930 -31

Registers gift of lamp to the temple of Thirukkarapuradeva at Kalakaattur and the village of Mangalaveri for maintenance

ARIE No 220 / 1930 -31

Registers the sale of land to Araiyan Thillaikuttan alias Rajaraja   Naadaalvan by the Ooraar of Kalakaattur. Mentions the temples of Thiruvagastisvaram Udaiyar, Kaadugal and Saattan.

ARIE No 222 / 1930 -31

Gift of sheep for a lamp to the temple of Thirukkarapurattaazlvaar by Madurantaka Muppadi Iladharajan

Era – Raja Raja Chola I - ARIE No 223 / 1930 -31

Damaged, commences with kalamarutharuli etc Mentions Kalakaattur and Agastisvaradeva

ARIE No 225 / 1930 -31

Fragment that mentions the temple of Thirukkarapurathu deva

 

 

ARIE No 228 / 1930 -31

Fixes the rates of taxes to be paid by the Kaikolars and the Karumars settling in the new street in the southern side of the temple Tirukkarapuramudaiya Nayinar after granting remission on looms for the first three years.

ARIE No 229 / 1930 -31

Registers gift of cows for lamps in the Era of Vikrama Chola

Sambuvarayar

ARIE No 214 / 1930 -31 is a Fragment that seems to record an order of Sambuvaraya.

Koperunjinga

ARIE No 221 / 1930 -31

Gift of cows for a twilight lamp to the temple by Sivadasan Rishabhavahanadevan of Thiruvegambamudaiyaan, the accountant of the village of Thirukkarapuram and a member of Aalungana and his brother Aalavanda Pillai

 

Rashtrakuta king – Kannara Deva

ARIE No 224 / 1930 -31 – relates to gift of a lamp. Kannara Deva known as Krishna III ruled between 937 – 967 CE. In his inscription at Thiruvidanthai, (ARIE No 270 / 1910) he calls himself as one who conquered Kachchi and Thanjai.  A good number of his inscriptions are found in Chengalpattu district.

 

Era of Vijayanagar / Nayaka

ARIE No 226 / 1930 -31

Mentions the allayam collected in the Wednesday fair to the temple of Selva Vinayaka, by Kumudharasar for the merit of Vaiyappa Nayaka, the agent of Venkatadri Nayaka

 

ARIE No 227 / 1930 -31

Seems to Register gift of a house - site - Mahamandaleeswara Basavadeva Maharaja mentioned.

 

ARIE No 230 / 1930 -31

A person from Sivapuram had done the Construction of Maha mandapa in the third prakara of the temple and the Muka Mandapam

 

Deeper research as to how, when and why this significant place lost its importance in the next centuries is warranted.

The British era Gazatteer speaks about the wars of the 1700s, damage to crops and water sources and people selling off their lands for a pittance and leaving in search of a livelihood.

 Sources available now are limited and shall update further when more details unravel themselves.


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